THE COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH HISTORY

اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ

THE COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH

The Coptic Orthodox Church is an apostolic church, founded by St. Mark the apostle and evangelist who introduced Christianity to Egypt in the first century. He was martyred in Alexandria in 68 AD. By the 2nd/3rd century AD, Egypt became a fully Christian nation. The word “Copt” is derived from the Greek “Aegyptus” for Egypt. When the Arabs invaded Egypt in the 7th century, they deleted the “Ae” and “us’ in “Aegyptus” and called the inhabitants of the land “GYPT” which eventually became Copt.

اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ رﺳوﻟﯾﺔ، أﺳﺳت ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾد اﻟﻘدﯾس ﻣﺎرﻣرﻗس اﻟرﺳول اﻹﻧﺟﯾﻠﻲ اﻟذي  ﻗدم  اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ  ﻟﻣﺻر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻷول اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي، واﺳﺗﺷﮭد ﺳﻧﺔ 68 ﻣﯾﻼدﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ. وﺑﺣﻠول اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ/اﻟﺛﺎﻟث اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي ﻛﺎن اﻟﺷﻌب اﻟﻣﺻري ﻛﻠﮫ ﯾدﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ.

ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﻗﺑط أﺧذت ﻋن اﻷﺻل اﻟﯾوﻧﺎﻧﻲ “إﯾﺟﯾﺑﺗوس.” ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻏزا اﻟﻌرب ﻣﺻر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي، ﺣذﻓوا اﻟﺣرﻓﯾن اﻷوﻟﯾن واﻵﺧرﯾن ﻣن اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ وأطﻠﻘوا اﺳم “ﺟﯾﺑت” ﻋﻠﻰ أھل اﻟﺑﻠد اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣوﻟت ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد ﻟﺗﺻﺑﺢ “ﻗﺑط.”

Egypt was blessed in the Holy Scriptures “Blessed is Egypt, My people” (Isaiah 19:25).

ﻣﺻر ﺑﻠد ﺑﺎرﻛﮭﺎ ﷲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﻘدس ﻣﺑﺎرك ﺷﻌﺑﻲ ﻣﺻر" (إﺷﻌﯾﺎء 19 :25)

The Coptic Church was established by the Divine Promise

اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ أﺳﺳت ﺑوﻋد إﻟﮭﻲ

+ “In that day, there will be an altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt and a pillar to the Lord at its border.” (Isaiah 19:19). This prophesy was about the establishment of the Church of Alexandria in Egypt, making it the only Christian church for which a prophecy has been said regarding its establishment. + “And it will be for a sign and for a witness to the Lord of hosts in the land of Egypt. Then the Lord will be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know the Lord in that day and will make sacrifice and offering.” (Isaiah 19: 20-21).

+ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك اﻟﯾوم ﯾﻛون ﻣذﺑﺢ ﻟﻠرب ﻓﻲ وﺳط أرض ﻣﺻر، وﻋﻣود ﻟﻠرب ﻋﻧد ﺗﺧﻣﮭﺎ. )إﺷﻌﯾﺎء :19 .(19 وھذه ﻧﺑوة ﻋن ﺗﺄﺳﯾس ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺻر، وھﻰ اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ اﻟوﺣﯾدة اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻛﻠم اﻟوﺣﻲ اﻹﻟﮭﻲ ﻋن ﺗﺄﺳﯾﺳﮭﺎ. + "ﻓﯾﻛون ﻋﻼﻣﺔ وﺷﮭﺎدة ﻟرب اﻟﺟﻧود ﻓﻲ أرض ﻣﺻر. ﻷﻧﮭم ﯾﺻرﺧون إﻟﻰ اﻟرب ﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﻣﺿﺎﯾﻘﯾن ﻓﯾرﺳل ﻟﮭم ﻣﺧﻠﺻﺎً وﻣﺣﺎﻣﯾﺎً وﯾﻧﻘذھم. ﻓﯾﻌرف اﻟرب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر، وﯾﻌرف اﻟﻣﺻرﯾون اﻟرب ﻓﻲ ذﻟك اﻟﯾوم، وﯾﻘدﻣون ذﺑﯾﺣﺔ وﺗﻘدﻣﺔ، وﯾﻧذرون ﻟﻠرب ﻧذراً وﯾوﻓون ﺑﮫ." )إﺷﻌﯾﺎء :19 -20 .(21

The Holy Family’s visit to Egypt that lasted three and half years

ﻗدوم اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻘدﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر وﻣﻛوﺛﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘرب ﻣن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻧﯾن وﻧﺻف

+ “Behold the Lord rides on a swift cloud and will come into Egypt. The idols of Egypt will totter at His presence and the heart of Egypt will melt in its midst” (Isaiah 19:1).

+ "ھوذا اﻟرب راﻛب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺣﺎﺑﺔ ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ وﻗﺎدم إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر، ﻓﺗرﺗﺟف أوﺛﺎن ﻣﺻر ﻣن وﺟﮭﮫ وﯾذوب ﻗﻠب ﻣﺻر داﺧﻠﮭﺎ." )إﺷﻌﯾﺎء :19 .(1

+ “Arise, take the young Child and His mother, flee to Egypt, and stay there until I bring you word” (Matt 2:13). + “Out of Egypt I called My Son” (Matt 2:15).

+ "ﻗم وﺧذ اﻟﺻﺑﻲ وأﻣﮫ واھرب إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر وﻛن ھﻧﺎك ﺣﺗﻰ أﻗول ﻟك" )ﻣﺗﻰ :2 .(13 + "ﻣن ﻣﺻر دﻋوت اﺑﻧﻲ" )ﻣﺗﻰ :2 .(15

Egypt was home to and was visited by many prophits & people of God

ﻣﺻر ﻛﺎﻧت وطﻧﺎً ﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻷﻧﺑﯾﺎء وزارھﺎ أﯾﺿﺎً ﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن أﻧﺎس ﷲ

+ Moses, Aaron and Miriam the prophetess were all born and lived in Egypt. + Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Joshua, the twelve tribes of Israel and Jeremiah all spent time in Egypt.

+ ﻣوﺳﻰ وھﺎرون وﻣرﯾم اﻟﻧﺑﯾﺔ أﺧﺗﮭﻣﺎ وﻟدوا وﻋﺎﺷوا ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر. + إﺑراھﯾم وﯾﻌﻘوب وﯾوﺳف وﯾﺷوع وأﺳﺑﺎط إﺳراﺋﯾل وإرﻣﯾﺎ اﻟﻧﺑﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭم أﺗوا إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر

The Coptic Orthodox Church, was among the first four churches established in the Christian world

اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ واﺣدة ﻣن اﻷرﺑﻊ اﻟﻛﻧﺎﺋس اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﺳت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﻲ

+ The First Church was the Church of Jerusalem, followed by the Church of Antioch, Alexandria and Rome, then the Church of Constantinople joined in the 4th century.

+ اﻷوﻟﻰ ھﻲ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ أورﺷﻠﯾم ﺗﺑﻌﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻧطﺎﻛﯾﺔ ﺛم ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ وﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ روﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻷول اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي ﺛم ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺳطﻧطﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﺳت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟراﺑﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي

Egypt housed the first theological school

ﺗﺄﺳﺳت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر أول ﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻻھوﺗﯾﺔ

+ To counter the school of Alexandria (a pagan philosophical school), St. Mark established the first Christian theological school in the world to explain and defend Christianity against paganism and heresies. This catechetical school, over the years, produced a great number of scholars; i.e. Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Athenagoras, Dionysius and Didymus the blind wholearned to read using carved wood 15 centuries before Braille was invented. The primary focus of that school was the Holy Bible and its interpretation. The scholar Origen composed over 6000 commentaries on the Bible+ St. Athanasius the 20th Pope of Alexandria, through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, was a major contributor in gathering and recording all of the canonical books of the New Testament in use today.

+ أﺳس اﻟﻘدﯾس ﻣﺎرﻣرﻗس أول ﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻻھوﺗﯾﺔ ﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم، ﻟﻠرد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣدرﺳﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ )اﻟﻔﻠﺳﻔﯾﺔ اﻟوﺛﻧﯾﺔ( اﻟﺷﮭﯾرة ﺣول اﻟﻌﺎﻟم، وﺷرح اﻟﻌﻘﯾدة اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ، واﻟﺗﺻدي ﻟﻠوﺛﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﮭرطﻘﺎت. وﻗدﻣت ھذه اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻋدداً ﻛﺑﯾراً ﻣن اﻟﻼھوﺗﯾﯾن ﻣﺛل ﺑﺎﻧﺗﯾﻧوس، وﻛﻠﯾﻣﻧﺿوس اﻟﺳﻛﻧدري، وأورﯾﺟﺎﻧوس، وأﺛﯾﻧﺎﻏوراس، ودﯾوﻧﯾﺳﯾوس ودﯾدﯾﻣوس اﻟﺿرﯾراﻟذي ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻘراءة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﺷب اﻟﺑﺎرز ﻗﺑل ﺑراﯾل ﺑﺣواﻟﻲ ﺧﻣﺳﺔ ﻋﺷر ﻗرﻧﺎً. وﻛﺎن ﻣﺣور اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ھو اﻟﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﻘدس وﺗﻔﺳﯾره، وﻗد ﻛﺗب أورﯾﺟﺎﻧوس ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘرب ﻣن 6000 ﺗﻌﻘﯾب ﻋﻠﻰ آﯾﺎت اﻟﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﻘدس. + ﺑﺈرﺷﺎد اﻟروح اﻟﻘدس ﻛﺎن اﻟﻘدﯾس أﺛﻧﺎﺳﯾوس ﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺎً رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻊ واﻋﺗﻣﺎد ﻛل أﺳﻔﺎر اﻟﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﻘدس اﻟﻘﺎﻧوﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮭد اﻟﺟدﯾد واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ ھذا

The Coptic Orthodox Church is the mother of monasticism

اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ھﻲ أم اﻟرھﺑﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم

+ The first monk ever was St. Anthony the Great, a coptic man from Upper Egypt and the father of all monks around the world. Then came St. Pachomius, also a coptic from Upper Egypt; he was the first to lay down the rules that regulate monastic life in an enclosed community, called Koinonia. St. John Cassian transferred these rules to Europe. These rules became the basis of the monastic rules of St. Basil the Great then St. Benedict of the Catholic Church. + Many European fathers, including John Cassian, Palladius, Rufinus, Jerome and others, lived among the Coptic monks and transferred their experience, which helped monasticism to spread all over Europe and Asia Minor.

+ ﯾُﻌد اﻟﻘدﯾس أﻧطوﻧﯾوس اﻟﻛﺑﯾر، وھو ﻗﺑطﻲ ﻣن ﺻﻌﯾد ﻣﺻر، أول راھب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻛﻠﮫ. ﻟذا دُﻋﻲ أب اﻟرھﺑﺎن واﻟرھﺑﻧﺔ. ﺛم ﺟﺎء اﻷﻧﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺧوﻣﯾوس، وھو أﯾﺿﺎً ﻣن ﺻﻌﯾد ﻣﺻر، وأﺳس ﻗواﻋد اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻟرھﺑﺎﻧﯾﺔ اﻟدﯾرﯾﺔ )ﻛﯾﻧوﻧﯾﺎ( ودُﻋﻲ أب اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ. وﻗد ﻗﺎم اﻟﻘدﯾس ﯾوﺣﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﯾﺎن ﺑﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ أوروﺑﺎ وأﺻﺑﺣت ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻧظﺎم اﻟرھﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻘدﯾس ﺑﺎﺳﯾﻠﯾوس اﻟﻛﺑﯾر وأﯾﺿﺎً اﻟﻘدﯾس ﺑﯾﻧﯾدﯾﻛت ﻣن ﻗدﯾﺳﻲ اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﺛوﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ + وﻗد ﻋﺎش ﻛﺛﯾرٌ ﻣن اﻵﺑﺎء اﻷوروﺑﯾﯾن أﻣﺛﺎل ﺟﺎن ﻛﺎﺳﯾﺎن، ﺑﻼدﯾوس، روﻓﯾﻧوس، ﺟﯾروم وﻏﯾرھم وﺳط اﻟرھﺑﺎن اﻷﻗﺑﺎط وﻧﻘﻠوا ﺧﺑراﺗﮭم اﻟرھﺑﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻷوروﺑﺎ وآﺳﯾﺎ اﻟﺻﻐرى

Heroes of the faith

أﺑطﺎل اﻹﯾﻣﺎن

+ The Coptic Church, and indeed the whole Christian world, was blessed by many Coptic leaders that defended and kept the true Christian faith.

+ ﺣﻘﺎً ﺗﺑﺎرك اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻷﻗﺑﺎط اﻟذﯾن داﻓﻌوا وﺣﻔظوا اﻹﯾﻣﺎن اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﻲ اﻟﺳﻠﯾم، ﻣن أﻣﺛﺎل ھؤﻻء

+ St. Athanasius, the 20th Coptic Pope, formulated the Christian Creed affirming the Divinity of Christ, which was adopted in turn by all Christian churches.

+ اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎ أﺛﻧﺎﺳﯾوس اﻟرﺳوﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺷرﯾن اﻟذي ﺻﺎغ ﻗﺎﻧون اﻹﯾﻣﺎن اﻟذي ﺗﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ ﻛل اﻟﻛﻧﺎﺋس اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ، ﻣؤﻛداً ﻓﯾﮫ أﻟوھﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺢ.

+ St. Cyril of Alexandria, presided over the council of Ephesus in 431 AD., which refuted the claims of Nestorius and confirmed the dogma of St. Mary being the Mother of God or “Theotokos”

+ اﻟﻘدﯾس ﻛﯾرﻟس اﻹﺳﻛﻧدري اﻟذي ﺗرأس ﻣﺟﻣﻊ أﻓﺳس ﻋﺎم 431 ﻣﯾﻼدﯾﺔ، وﻗﺎوم ﻓﯾﮫ ﺑدﻋﺔ ﻧﺳطور ﻣؤﻛداً أن اﻟﺳﯾدة اﻟﻌذراء ھﻲ واﻟدة اﻹﻟﮫ )ﺛﯾؤطوﻛوس.(

+ The first patriarch ever to be called Abba (Papa or father or Pope) by his people, was Pope Heracles the 13th Coptic Orthodox Patriarch (232-249 AD).

+ أول ﺑطرﯾرك أطﻠق ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﺷﻌﺑﮫ ﻟﻘب
"ABBA" ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ PAPA" أو أب" واﻟذي ﺗم ﺗرﺟﻣﺗﮫ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد إﻟﻰ "Pope" ھو اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﯾﺎروﻛﻼس اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻟﺛﺎﻟث ﻋﺷر ﻣن ﺑﺎﺑﺎوات اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ.

The first council of Nicaea in 325 AD.

ﻣﺟﻣﻊ ﻧﯾﻘﯾﺔ اﻷول ﺳﻧﺔ 325 م

+ It was agreed that Christians should observe a common date to celebrate the Feast of Resurrection, and it became one of the duties of the Patriarch of Alexandria to determine the date and announce it to the other Christian Churches around the world.

+ ﻗرر ﻣﺟﻣﻊ ﻧﯾﻘﯾﺔ اﻷول ﺑﺎﻹﺟﻣﺎع ﺳﻧﺔ 325 ﻣﯾﻼدﯾﺔ أن ﯾﺣﺗﻔل ﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾو اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﺑﻌﯾد اﻟﻘﯾﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﯾوم، ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﻛون ﺗﺣدﯾد ﯾوم ﻋﯾد اﻟﻘﯾﺎﻣﺔ وإﻋﻼﻧﮫ ﻟﻛل اﻟﻛﻧﺎﺋس اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺔ ﺣول اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻣن ﻣﮭﺎم ﺑطرﯾرك ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ.

Persecutions against Christianity in Egypt started during the time of the Roman Empire, that occupied Egypt 20 years before Christ

ﺑدأ اﻻﺿطﮭﺎد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر ﺿد اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﯾن أﺛﻧﺎء ﺣﻛم اﻟروﻣﺎن، اﻟذﯾن اﺣﺗﻠوا ﻣﺻر ﺳﻧﺔ 20 ﻗﺑل ﻣﯾﻼد اﻟﺳﯾد اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺢ

+ The early church historian Eusebius wrote that Egypt’s martyrs outnumbered the martyrs of the whole world

+ ذﻛر اﻟﻣؤرخ ﯾوﺳﺎﺑﯾوس أن ﺷﮭداء اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ﻓﺎق ﻋددھم ﺷﮭداء اﻟﻌﺎﻟم أﺟﻣﻊ

+ After the Roman emperor Diocletian instigated the last major persecution against Christians in the empire, the Church of Alexandria used the beginning of his bloody reign, the year 284 AD., as its New Year. Called the Era of the martyrs or “Anno Martyrum”.

+ أﻣر اﻹﻣﺑراطور اﻟروﻣﺎﻧﻲ دﻗﻠدﯾﺎﻧوس ﺑﺎﺿطﮭﺎد اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺑراطورﯾﺔ، وﻛﺎن وﻗﻊ اﻻﺿطﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺑﺎط ﺷدﯾداً، ﻟذﻟك اﺳﺗﺧدﻣت ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺑداﯾﺔ ھذا اﻟﺣﻛم اﻟدﻣوي 284) ﻣﯾﻼدﯾﺔ - 1 ﺗوت( ﻛﺑداﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘوﯾم اﻟﻘﺑطﻲ

+ After the Roman emperor Diocletian instigated the last major persecution against Christians in the empire, the Church of Alexandria used the beginning of his bloody reign, the year 284 AD., as its New Year. Called the Era of the martyrs or “Anno Martyrum”.

+ أﻣر اﻹﻣﺑراطور اﻟروﻣﺎﻧﻲ دﻗﻠدﯾﺎﻧوس ﺑﺎﺿطﮭﺎد اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺑراطورﯾﺔ، وﻛﺎن وﻗﻊ اﻻﺿطﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺑﺎط ﺷدﯾداً، ﻟذﻟك اﺳﺗﺧدﻣت ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺑداﯾﺔ ھذا اﻟﺣﻛم اﻟدﻣوي 284) ﻣﯾﻼدﯾﺔ - 1 ﺗوت( ﻛﺑداﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘوﯾم اﻟﻘﺑطﻲ

+ St. Maurice, St. Exuperius, St. Felix and St. Regula of the Theban Legion in the Roman army were all Egyptians and were martyred for their Christian faith along with 6,600 soldiers in Switzerland. Though not martyred, St. Verena, was also Egyptian and is also counted among Switzerland’s patron saints.

+ اﻟﻘدﯾس ﻣورﯾس، اﻟﻘدﯾس إﻛﺳوﺑرﯾوس، اﻟﻘدﯾس ﻓﯾﻠﻛس واﻟﻘدﯾﺳﺔ رﯾﺟوﻻ ﻣن اﻟﻛﺗﯾﺑﺔ اﻟطﯾﺑﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺟﯾش اﻟروﻣﺎﻧﻲ، وﻣﻌﮭم ﺳﺗﺔ آﻻف وﺳﺗﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺟﻧدي اﺳﺗﺷﮭدوا ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳوﯾﺳرا. وﻛذﻟك اﻟﻘدﯾﺳﺔ ﻓﯾرﯾﻧﺎ ﻣن أﺷﮭر ﻗدﯾﺳﻲ ﺳوﯾﺳرا وﺷﻔﻌﺎﺋﮭﺎ. وﻛل ھؤﻻء ﻛﺎﻧوا ﻣن طﯾﺑﺔ ﻣن ﺻﻌﯾد ﻣﺻر.

+ In the 10th century, the Fatimid Caliph Al-Mu'izz Li-Din Allah defied the Patriarch and challenged him to move the Muqattam mountain in Cairo, in order to prove the validity of the verse of Matthew (17:20) “If you have faith as a mustard seed you will say to this mountain move from here to there and it will move”. He threatened to annihilate all Christians in Egypt if the mountain was not moved.St. Mary appeared to Pope Abraam and he called upon the Coptic people throughout Egypt to pray and fast for three days. The mountain was moved by the prayers of a saintly simple shoemaker called St. Simon.

+ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻌﺎﺷر اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي وﻓﻲ ﺗﺣدٍ ﺻرﯾﺢ طﻠب اﻟﺧﻠﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﻣﻌز ﻟدﯾن ﷲ اﻟﻔﺎطﻣﻲ ﻣن ﺑطرﯾرك اﻷﻗﺑﺎط أن ﯾﺛﺑت ﺻﺣﺔ اﻵﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘول "ﻟو ﻛﺎن ﻟﻛم إﯾﻣﺎن ﻣﺛل ﺣﺑﺔ ﺧردل ﻟﻛﻧﺗم ﺗﻘوﻟون ﻟﮭذا اﻟﺟﺑل: اﻧﺗﻘل ﻣن ھﻧﺎ إﻟﻰ ھﻧﺎك ﻓﯾﻧﺗﻘل" )ﻣﺗﻰ :17 (20، وذﻟك ﺑﻧﻘل ﺟﺑل اﻟﻣﻘطم ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎھرة، وإﻻ ﺳوف ﯾﻘﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﻲ ﻣﺻر. وﻗد طﻠب اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﺑرام ﺑن زرﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺷﻌب اﻟﻘﺑطﻲ اﻟﺻوم واﻟﺻﻼة ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﯾﺎم، ﺑﻌدھﺎ ظﮭرت اﻟﻘدﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻌذراء ﻣرﯾم ﻟﻠﺑﺎﺑﺎ وأرﺷدﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘدﯾس ﺳﻣﻌﺎن اﻟﺧراز اﻟذي ﺑﺻﻼﺗﮫ ﺣدﺛت ﻣﻌﺟزة ﻧﻘل اﻟﺟﺑل.

Persecutions continued throughout the Coptic church history even until the present day

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﯾﺷﮭد ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻣرار اﻻﺿطﮭﺎد ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ ھذا

+ Recently the Holy Synod has declared that February 15th of every year is to be a celebration and remembrance of the martyrs of the new Era of martyrdom.

+ وﻟذﻟك ﻗرر اﻟﻣﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻘدس ﻟﻠﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻧﺔ 2017م ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد ﯾوم 15 ﻓﺑراﯾر ﻣن ﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻟﻺﺣﺗﻔﺎل ﺑﺗذﻛﺎر ﺷﮭداء اﻟﻌﺻر اﻟﺣدﯾث

+ This date marks the day on which the 21 Coptic martyrs in Libya were martyred by the hands of a terrorist Islamic group in 2015.

+ وھذا اﻟﯾوم ﯾواﻓق ﯾوم اﺳﺗﺷﮭﺎد 21 ﺷﮭﯾدا ﻣﺳﯾﺣﯾﺎ ﻣﻧﮭم 20 ﻗﺑطﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟﯾﺑﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾد اﻹرھﺎﺑﯾﯾن اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﯾن ﺳﻧﺔ 2015م.

By the middle of the 20th century, and for the first time in the history of the Copts many of them started to emigrate out of Egypt

ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻌﺷرﯾن اﻟﻣﯾﻼدي، وﻷول ﻣرة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻷﻗﺑﺎط، ﺑدأ اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣﻧﮭم ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺟرة ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺻر

+ Today, there are hundreds of Coptic Churches around the world as well as some monasteries

+ وﺣﺎﻟﯾﺎ ﺗوﺟد ﻣﺋﺎت اﻟﻛﻧﺎﺋس اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ وﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن أدﯾرﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛل أﻧﺣﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟم

Persecutions continued throughout the Coptic church history even until the present day

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﯾﺷﮭد ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻣرار اﻻﺿطﮭﺎد ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ ھذا

Indeed, the Coptic Church has a distinct and glorious history, and has been instrumental in the development of Christian Church dogma throughout the world.

ﺣﻘﺎً إن اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ اﻷرﺛوذﻛﺳﯾﺔ ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ ﻣﻣﯾزة وﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﺟﯾد. وﻗد ﻛﺎﻧت أداة رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻧﯾن وإرﺳﺎء اﻟﻘواﻋد اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻺﯾﻣﺎن اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛل اﻟﻣﺳﻛوﻧﺔ. ﻣﺻر